From MPO to CPO: The Future of Optical Connectivity in Data Centers
As Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) emerge, MPO connectors remain vital in bridging chips to fiber networks. Despite evolving architectures, MPO’s density and flexibility keep it relevant in early CPO systems, hybrid setups, and next-gen optical interconnects for high-speed data centers.
2025-04
As data centers continue pushing the limits of performance, traditional optical interconnects like MPO are evolving to meet new demands. The latest frontier? Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) and pluggable optical backplanes — technologies poised to redefine the role of connectors in next-generation servers and switches.
What Is CPO?
Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) refers to the integration of optical engines directly onto the same package or substrate as ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits). Instead of routing electrical signals through copper traces to pluggable optics, CPO eliminates this bottleneck, reducing power consumption and increasing bandwidth.
But even as optics move closer to the chip, optical fiber connections still need a standardized, high-density interface — and that’s where MPO plays a key role.
MPO in the Era of On-Board and Co-Packaged Optics
- MPO connectors are already widely used in on-board optics (OBO) and mid-board optical I/O systems
- With 16, 24, or 48 fibers in a compact form, MPO supports high-throughput, low-loss connections
- MPO is expected to be the front-panel interface in early CPO-based switches
In some architectures, MPO may connect to flex optical ribbons leading to co-packaged optics.
Challenges and Evolution
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Thermal limitations may reduce space for large modules — making compact MPO interfaces critical
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Emerging innovations like MPO+ and angled MPOs offer space-saving options
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Hybrid systems combining MPO trunks with embedded optics will extend MPO’s relevance
Conclusion
While CPO signals a new era of photonics integration, MPO remains a vital bridge between silicon and the fiber infrastructure. Its versatility ensures a continued role in next-generation networking.
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